Waltenberg, Fabio Domingues2025-01-222017https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14135/1624The country presents historical educational inequality between blacks and whites and the literature on the topic of early childhood care shows that investment in early childhood education is extremely important, since it contributes directly to the development of children, generating positive impacts on their lives, especially the disadvantaged. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the inequality between blacks and whites in the Brazilian educational system, to review the literature on the importance of early childhood care and to estimate, through the methods of OLS and PSM, the effect of the entrance into early childhood education on the Portuguese language and mathematics proficiency of the students of the 5th year of elementary school, especially the group of black students of Sertãozinho (SP). The results show high positive effects in the proficiencies, including for the group of black students and leads to believe that the expansion of investment in early childhood education would reduce the inequality of performance and school trajectory between blacks and whites. However, the Brazilian case has a deep and historical racial issue and the black population is at a great disadvantage in several social and economic aspects, and the State and brazilian society must also plan other public policies parallel to the policy of promoting equality of opportunity Early childhood education.Documento textualporAcesso abertoDesigualdade EducacionalPrimeira InfânciaEducação InfantilDissertação